accord and satisfsction是什么意思

“accord and satisfsction”的中文翻译

A. “accord and satisfaction”是什么意思

“accord and satisfaction”的中文翻译意思是：和解与清偿；债务替代清偿协议。（法律术语，指以债务人履行新义务来替代原有债务的争议解决机制。“accord”指双方达成的、以不同于原义务的内容来清偿债务的协议；“satisfaction”指对该协议的实际履行。只有协议得到履行，原债务才告消灭；仅有协议而无履行，原债务并不消灭。该术语常见于英美合同法与民事诉讼语境，加州民法典第1521至1526条对其有专门规定。）

B. “accord and satisfaction”的发音音标

英[əˈkɔːd ənd ˌsætɪsˈfækʃn] 美[əˈkɔːrd ənd ˌsætɪsˈfækʃn]（“accord”重音在第二音节 /ˈkɔːd/，首音节弱读 /ə/；“and”弱读为 /ənd/ 或 /ən/；“satisfaction”重音在第三音节 /ˈfæk/，首音节 /sæt/ 次重读，第二音节 /ɪs/ 弱读，词尾 -tion 读 /ʃn/；整体连读为“厄-科德-恩-萨-提斯-法克-申”，重音模式为“弱-重-弱-次重-弱-重-弱”）。

C. “accord and satisfaction”的用法

“accord and satisfaction”由“accord”（协议、一致）+“and”+“satisfaction”（清偿、履行）构成，属法律专业术语。理解该术语需抓住其双重结构：其一，“accord”是协议，即债权人与债务人约定以不同于原义务的给付来消灭债务，例如以较少金额清偿一笔有争议的债务；其二，“satisfaction”是履行，即债务人实际按照该协议完成给付。加州民法典第1522条明确规定：“协议虽对双方有约束力，但在被完全履行之前，并不消灭原债务。”第1523条进一步指出：“债权人接受协议对价，原债务即告消灭，此即称为 satisfaction。” 该术语的典型适用场景是对金额有善意争议的债务：债务人寄出一张标注“全额付清”的支票，金额低于债权人主张的数额，债权人若兑现该支票，即构成 accord and satisfaction，债务消灭。 常见搭配有：plead accord and satisfaction as a defense（以和解清偿作为抗辩）、the defense of accord and satisfaction（和解清偿抗辩）、constitute an accord and satisfaction（构成和解清偿）。与之相比，“settlement”泛指和解，不必然要求以不同于原义务的给付来替代；“release”指权利人免除对方义务的单方行为；“compromise”强调双方互让达成协议。注意三个易错点：①仅有 accord（协议）而无 satisfaction（履行），原债务不消灭，此为普通法核心规则； ②在租赁合同中，出租人接受低于约定租金的付款，通常不构成 accord and satisfaction，除非有明确约定，出租人仍可追索差额； ③该术语为不可数名词短语，不说 an accord and satisfaction 或 accord and satisfactions，标准用法为 the defense of accord and satisfaction。

D. “accord and satisfaction”的双语例句：

1. 债务人以一张标注“全额付清”的支票清偿有争议的债务，债权人兑现该支票即构成和解与清偿。

When a debtor tenders a check marked “payment in full” to settle a disputed debt and the creditor cashes it, an accord and satisfaction is formed.

2. 仅有和解协议而无实际履行，原债务并不因此消灭。

An accord without satisfaction does not extinguish the original obligation.

3. 被告以和解与清偿作为抗辩，主张原告已接受其部分付款从而丧失了追索余额的权利。

The defendant pleaded accord and satisfaction as a defense, arguing that the plaintiff’s acceptance of the partial payment barred any claim for the balance.

4. 根据加州法律，和解是约定以不同于或少于原义务的内容来消灭债务的协议。

Under California law, an accord is an agreement to accept, in extinction of an obligation, something different from or less than that to which the person agreeing to accept is entitled.

5. 债权人接受和解协议的对价，原债务即告消灭，此即清偿。

Acceptance by the creditor of the consideration of an accord extinguishes the obligation, and this is called satisfaction.

6. “accord and satisfaction”是法律术语，指以协议加履行的双重结构消灭争议债务；“settlement”泛指和解，不要求替代给付；“release”是权利人单方免除义务——三者分别对应“替代清偿机制”“一般和解”与“单方免除”，法律效果与构成要件各不相同。

“Accord and satisfaction” is the legal doctrine under which a disputed obligation is discharged by an agreement to accept substitute performance followed by actual performance, whereas a “settlement” is a broader compromise that need not involve substitute performance, and a “release” is a unilateral waiver by the creditor—the three differ in elements and legal effect and should not be confused.