bill of fare是什么意思

“bill of fare”的中文翻译

A. “bill of fare”是什么意思

“bill of fare”的中文翻译意思是：菜单；菜谱；餐单。（可数名词短语，指餐馆中列出菜肴与价格的清单，即 menu 的旧式说法，如今多见于历史小说、复古餐厅与文学语境）。

B. “bill of fare”的发音音标

英[ˌbɪl əv ˈfeə] 美[ˌbɪl əv ˈfer]（“bill”读 /bɪl/；“of”弱读 /əv/，不要读成重读的 /ɒv/；“fare”英式读 /feə/、美式读 /fer/，与 fair（公平的、集市）同音，注意 fare 与 fairy 之间不可加音；整体连读为“比尔-厄夫-费尔”，重音落在末词 fare 上）。

C. “bill of fare”的用法

“bill of fare”由名词“bill”（清单、单子）+介词“of”+名词“fare”（食物、伙食）构成，字面即“饭菜的清单”。其中“fare”取其古义“饮食、饭菜”，此义今仍存活于若干固定表达：simple fare（简单饭食）、homely fare（家常便饭）、 hearty fare（丰盛饭菜）、standard festival fare（节日惯常吃食）；“bill”此处取“列项的单子”义，同族用法有 playbill（演出节目单）、handbill（传单）。该表达在 18、19 世纪是“菜单”的标准说法，进入 20 世纪后逐渐被法语借词 menu 取代，如今在日常英语中已陈旧过时，主要见于三类语境：①历史小说与古装影视剧；②刻意做旧的复古主题餐厅；③揶揄或戏仿的书面表达，如“The conference offered the usual bill of fare: stale sandwiches and lukewarm coffee”（会议提供的还是那老一套：干掉的三明治和温吞的咖啡）——此处 bill of fare 已引申指老一套的供给、惯常的内容。与之相比，“menu”是“菜单”的标准通用词，口语书面通用，既指纸质菜单也说 online menu（线上菜单），另引申指电脑程序的“菜单”，如 the File menu（文件菜单）、pull-down menu（下拉菜单）；“carte du jour”（当日菜单，法语借词）偶见于高档餐厅；“à la carte”（按单点菜）指按菜单逐项点餐计费，与“table d'hôte”（固定价套餐，法语“主人的桌子”）和“set menu / set meal”（套餐）相对；“tasting menu”（品鉴菜单）指一系列小份菜的套餐；“wine list”（酒单）专列酒水；“specials / daily specials”（今日特色菜）指常规菜单之外的当日推荐；“menu board”（菜单板）指快餐店墙上的大块点餐牌；“children's menu”（儿童菜单）与“dessert menu”（甜品单）是分项菜单。注意英美“账单”的说法差异：英式说 the bill，美式说 the check，结账时说 Can we have the bill, please?（英）/ Check, please!（美），切勿把 bill of fare（菜单）与 the bill（账单）混淆——前者点菜前看，后者吃完后看；“买单”美式口语也说 pick up the tab 或 foot the bill（俚语：付账、兜底）。

D. “bill of fare”的双语例句：

1. 这家老式餐馆的菜单仍用花体字印在泛黄的厚纸上。

The old-fashioned restaurant's bill of fare was still printed in curly script on thick, yellowed paper.

2. 侍者递上皮质封面的菜单，上面的菜肴足足列了三页。

The waiter handed over a leather-bound bill of fare listing three full pages of dishes.

3. 旧时乡村酒馆的菜单，不过是粉笔写在黑板上寥寥几行。

In old country inns, the bill of fare was nothing more than a few lines of chalk on a slate.

4. 这份保存下来的十九世纪菜单，显示了当时的菜肴名目与价格。

This preserved nineteenth-century bill of fare shows the dishes and prices of the era.

5. 会议提供的还是那老一套：干巴巴的三明治和温吞的咖啡。

The conference offered its usual bill of fare: stale sandwiches and lukewarm coffee.

6. 如今的餐馆几乎不再用 bill of fare 这个旧词，都直接说 menu 了。

Nowadays hardly any restaurant uses the old phrase bill of fare—they simply say "menu."

7. 这家复古主题餐厅故意沿用旧式说法，连菜单都仿照维多利亚时代样式。

The retro-themed restaurant deliberately revives old expressions, even modeling its bill of fare on Victorian designs.

8. 他把菜单从头到尾研究了好几分钟，最后还是点了烤鸡。

He studied the bill of fare from cover to cover for several minutes, only to end up ordering the roast chicken.

9. 乡间旅店供应的虽是简单饭食，却样样新鲜可口。

The country inn served simple fare, but everything was fresh and delicious.

10. “bill of fare”是“菜单”的旧式说法，如今多见于历史与文学语境；“menu”是标准通用词，口语书面通用，“账单”则英式说 the bill、美式说 the check，三者各有所指，不可混用。

“Bill of fare” is the old-fashioned word for a menu, now found mostly in historical and literary contexts, whereas “menu” is the standard everyday word, and “the bill” (British) or “the check” (American) refers to the bill you pay after eating—each term has its own meaning and they should not be confused.