A. “Chinese dishes”是什么意思
“Chinese dishes”的中文翻译意思是:中国菜;各道中式菜肴;中式菜品。(可数名词复数短语,dish 指“一道菜、一种菜肴”,Chinese dishes 即一道道具体的中式菜品,强调菜肴的个体与数量)。
B. “Chinese dishes”的发音音标
英[ˌtʃaɪˈniːz ˈdɪʃɪz] 美[ˌtʃaɪˈniːz ˈdɪʃɪz](“Chinese”重音在第二音节 /ˈniːz/;“dishes”读 /ˈdɪʃɪz/,注意 sh 发 /ʃ/ 音,复数加 -es 后读 /ɪz/,末尾不能漏掉 /z/;整体连读为“柴-尼兹-迪什-伊兹”)。
C. “Chinese dishes”的用法
“Chinese dishes”由形容词“Chinese”(中国的)+可数名词“dish”(一道菜)的复数构成。“dish”在餐饮语境中指一道按名称与做法独立成体的菜肴,因此 Chinese dishes 把中餐拆解为一道道具体的菜来计数与列举:one Chinese dish(一道中国菜)、two or three Chinese dishes(两三道中国菜)、a table full of Chinese dishes(摆满一桌的中国菜)。常见搭配有:classic / iconic Chinese dishes(经典中式菜品)、signature Chinese dishes(招牌中国菜)、the most popular Chinese dishes(最受欢迎的中国菜)、order several Chinese dishes to share(点几道中国菜大家一起吃)、sample a variety of Chinese dishes(品尝各式中国菜)、steam / stir-fry / braise Chinese dishes(蒸/炒/炖中国菜)。一顿中餐(a Chinese meal)通常由若干道共享的 dishes 组成,这正是中餐“合餐制”的体现:We ordered five Chinese dishes and shared them(我们点了五道中国菜一起吃)。著名中国菜的英文名多为粤语音译或描述性译法:Peking duck(北京烤鸭)、Kung Pao chicken(宫保鸡丁)、mapo tofu(麻婆豆腐)、sweet and sour pork(咕咾肉)、hot pot(火锅)、dumplings / potstickers(饺子/锅贴)、steamed buns(包子/馒头)、spring rolls(春卷)、congee(粥)、chow mein(炒面)、fried rice(炒饭)、dim sum(点心)。与之相比,“Chinese food”是不可数总称,指中餐这一食物门类;“Chinese meal”指一顿中餐的进餐场合;“Chinese cuisine”指中国烹饪体系,最正式;“a Chinese dish”是单数,指一道菜。须特别留意“dish”的另外两个义项:①指盘子、碟子等餐具,如 wash the dishes(洗碗)、dishwasher(洗碗机)——此处 do the dishes / wash the dishes 是英语高频固定说法,指清洗餐后餐具,不是“洗菜”;②菜肴的引申用法如 a signature dish(招牌菜)、a staple dish(主食菜)、a festive dish(节日菜);“side dish”(配菜)、“main dish”(主菜,美式)/“main course”(主菜,通用)、“starter / appetizer”(前菜)、“dessert”(甜点)是西餐一道道菜的序列术语,中餐语境借用时说 the dishes came one after another(菜一道接一道地上)。注意:不能说 a Chinese food 指“一道中国菜”,也不能用 dish 指“一碗米饭、一份炒饭”这类主食单品——那类多称 a serving of rice / a plate of fried rice;“dish”侧重“成体的一道菜”,如 a dish of braised pork(一道红烧肉)。
D. “Chinese dishes”的双语例句:
1. 这本书介绍了五十道经典中国菜的家庭做法。
This book introduces home-style recipes for fifty classic Chinese dishes.
2. 我们点了五道中国菜:烤鸭、麻婆豆腐、清炒时蔬、糖醋鱼和饺子。
We ordered five Chinese dishes: roast duck, mapo tofu, stir-fried greens, sweet and sour fish, and dumplings.
3. 北京烤鸭和宫保鸡丁是海外最有名的两道中国菜。
Peking duck and Kung Pao chicken are the two most famous Chinese dishes abroad.
4. 外国朋友第一次品尝这些中国菜时,对丰富的口味惊叹不已。
When our foreign friends sampled these Chinese dishes for the first time, they were amazed by the rich variety of flavors.
5. 她的拿手菜有好几道中国菜,红烧肉尤其出色。
Several of her signature recipes are Chinese dishes, and her braised pork is outstanding.
6. 餐桌上摆满了十道色香味俱全的中国菜。
The table was laden with ten Chinese dishes, each as beautiful and fragrant as it was delicious.
7. 评选“最受欢迎的中国菜”的网络投票吸引了上百万人参与。
An online poll to choose the most popular Chinese dishes attracted millions of voters.
8. 川菜、粤菜、淮扬菜的中国菜各有千秋,很难说哪个菜系的菜最好吃。
The Chinese dishes of Sichuan, Cantonese, and Huaiyang cooking each have their own strengths—it's hard to say which regional dishes are the best.
9. 厨师现场演示了三道中国菜的做法,观众看得目不转睛。
The chef demonstrated how to prepare three Chinese dishes on the spot, and the audience watched spellbound.
10. “Chinese dishes”是可数名词复数,指一道道具体的中式菜肴,可计数、可列举;“Chinese food”是不可数总称,泛指中餐这一食物门类,两者一个可数、一个不可数,所指粒度不同,不可混用。
“Chinese dishes” is a countable plural phrase referring to individual, countable Chinese dishes that can be listed and numbered, whereas “Chinese food” is an uncountable term for Chinese food as a general category—the two differ in countability and level of reference and should not be confused.
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