A. “raw material”是什么意思
“raw material”的中文翻译意思是:原材料;原料;原始材料。(可数或不可数名词短语,指未经加工或仅经初步加工、用于制造产品的自然物质,如矿石、木材、棉花、原油等,是工业制造、贸易与经济语境的核心术语)。
B. “raw material”的发音音标
英[ˈrɔː məˌtɪəriəl] 美[ˈrɔː məˌtɪriəl](“raw”读 /rɔː/,是长元音 /ɔː/ 的单音节词,切勿与 row /rəʊ/(排、划船)或 law /lɔː/(法律)混音;“material”重音在第二音节 /ˈtɪə/(美式卷舌 /ˈtɪr/),前后音节弱读,共四音节;复合名词主重音落在前词“raw”上,整体连读为“罗-么-提尔瑞厄尔”)。
C. “raw material”的用法
“raw material”由形容词“raw”(未加工的、生的)+名词“material”(材料、物质)构成。此处“raw”取其核心义“未经过加工处理的”——raw meat(生肉)、raw vegetables(生蔬菜)用的正是同一义项,raw material 即“处于天然或未加工状态、待投入生产的物质”。该表达是工业、制造、贸易与经济语境的高频术语,实际使用中多以复数 raw materials 出现,谈论工业原料总体时尤甚;语法上既可数亦不可数:a raw material(一种原材料)、raw materials(多种原材料/原料总称)、the raw material needed for steel production(炼钢所需的原材料)。常见搭配有:import / export raw materials(进出口原材料)、process raw materials into finished products(把原材料加工成成品)、the cost of raw materials(原材料成本)、a source of raw materials(原料来源地)、scarce / renewable raw materials(稀缺/可再生原料)、raw materials such as coal, iron ore, and timber(煤、铁矿石、木材等原材料)、soaring raw material prices(飙升的原料价格)。经济学上它居于产业链上游(upstream),完整的流程链条是:raw materials(原材料)→ semi-finished goods(半成品)→ finished products(成品);原料在国际市场的买卖称大宗商品(commodities),如 crude oil(原油)、iron ore(铁矿石)、copper(铜)、wheat(小麦)——“crude”与 raw 同义,都指“未精炼的”。与之相比,“ingredient”指烹调、制药、化妆品配方中混合构成成品的配料成分,菜谱上的 flour, sugar and eggs(面粉、糖、鸡蛋)是 ingredients 而非 raw materials,尽管中文常都译作“原料”;“feedstock”是化工与能源产业术语,指送入反应装置的进料;“natural resources”(自然资源)范围更宽,涵盖土地、水、森林、矿藏等天然禀赋,raw materials 多指其中已开采待用的部分;“component / part”(零部件)指已加工、供装配的部件,属半成品性质;“supplies”(补给、耗材)指维持运转的消耗性物资;“produce”(农产品)作名词指新鲜农产品,如 local farm produce。该短语另有引申用法:指创作、研究、思考的“素材”,如 the raw material of the novel(小说创作的素材)、raw data(原始数据)——raw data 指未经清洗处理的原始数据,是数据分析领域的核心概念。“raw”系其他高频搭配尚有:raw milk(生乳)、raw sugar(粗糖)、raw silk(生丝)、raw talent(未经雕琢的才华)、raw deal(不公平的待遇,俚语)、touch a raw nerve(戳到痛处)、in the raw(一丝不挂,戏谑用法)。注意:“原材料短缺”说 a shortage of raw materials;“以……为原料”须区分 be made from(成品中看不出原料,多指化学变化)与 be made of(看得出原料,多指物理拼合):Paper is made from wood(纸由木材制成)与 The table is made of wood(桌子由木料制成)。
D. “raw material”的双语例句:
1. 这家钢厂从澳大利亚进口铁矿石作为主要原材料。
The steel mill imports iron ore from Australia as its main raw material.
2. 石油既是燃料,也是塑料、化肥和药品的重要原材料。
Oil is not only a fuel but also a vital raw material for plastics, fertilizers, and medicines.
3. 原材料价格近几个月持续上涨,挤压了制造企业的利润空间。
Raw material prices have kept climbing in recent months, squeezing manufacturers' profit margins.
4. 工业革命时期,英国从殖民地大量进口原材料。
During the Industrial Revolution, Britain imported vast quantities of raw materials from its colonies.
5. 厨房里说“配料”用 ingredients,工厂里说“原料”才用 raw materials,两种语境各有其词。
In the kitchen you speak of ingredients, while in the factory you speak of raw materials—each context has its own word.
6. 回收利用能把废旧塑料重新变成生产原料。
Recycling can turn waste plastic back into raw material for production.
7. 供应链的第一环就是原材料的采购。
The first link in the supply chain is the procurement of raw materials.
8. 这个国家资源丰富,出口大量原材料,却高价进口成品。
Rich in resources, this country exports vast amounts of raw materials yet imports finished goods at high prices.
9. 作家把旅途中收集的见闻当作小说创作的素材。
The writer used the observations gathered on his travels as raw material for his novel.
10. “raw material”指工业制造所用的未加工自然物质,用于工厂与经济语境;“ingredient”指烹调、制药配方中的配料成分,用于厨房与配方语境,两者中文虽都可译“原料”,英文语境迥异,不可混用。
“Raw material” refers to the unprocessed natural substances used in industrial manufacturing, belonging to the context of factories and economics, whereas “ingredient” refers to one of the components combined in a recipe for cooking or medicine, belonging to the kitchen and formulations—though both can translate as “原料” in Chinese, they belong to very different contexts in English and should not be confused.
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